8 Places to Practice Italian in Italy

8 Places to Practice Italian in Italy You’ve taken all the community classes your town has to offer, chat with a language partner whenever you can, and listen to Italian music while you drive. Now you’re ready to go to Italy and put all of your hard work into practice. What’s more, you’ve been to the bigger, touristy cities, like Florence, Assisi, and Pisa, which were all lovely, but you want to experience a side of Italy that’s less populated by tour groups and their flags. You want to spend time in a town where very few people speak English or where they’re more willing to play along with you as you figure out this Italian-language thing that you’ve come to love. If that’s you, I’ve put together a short list for you of eight places to visit in Italy if you want to practice your Italian. Of course, there are thousands of towns, large and small, that I could have listed, and no matter where you go, you may still encounter the niece of the proprietor who spent her summer in London and wants to practice her English. I can’t promise you a 100% English-free experience, but I can give you a fighting chance to avoid being â€Å"English-ed.† 8 Places to Visit in Italy If You Want to Practice Italian Northern Italy 1. Bergamo Bergamo is a city (just over 115k in population) in northern Italy that’s around 45 minutes away from Milan by car. While it has a decent-sized expat community, you’ll find less American influence and more Germanic influence. Past visitors recommend taking a walk at Citt Alta (accessible both by way of the funicolare and walking), visiting Castello di Vigilio, and of course, il Duomo. If you’re looking to try a traditional dish, the recommended one is casonsei alla bergamesca, also called casoncelli alla bergamesca.   2.  Reggio Emilia With just over 163k people, Reggio Emilia is well-populated, but don’t let that fool you. I’ve been assured that there are plenty of opportunities to practice your Italian while also learning how to be buone forchette (good forks- those who eat plenty and well). If you have a full day at your disposal, start new conversations while you gawk at Santiago Calatrava bridges from the station, after having walked quietly through il Tempio della Beata Vergine della Ghiara, and as you lounge in Piazza Prampolini (also called Piazza Grande). Oh, and make sure to try l’erbazzone, a type of pot pie made with simple ingredients that’s famous in the region. For more tips on what to do in Reggio Emilia (and to learn some new Italian vocabulary), check out this article from Tasting the World. 3. Ferrara At just over 359k, Ferrara is no small town, but just like Reggio Emilia, there are numerous chances to stretch your Italian to its limits. If you want to hang out with the farreresi, take a passeggiata along le mura  (the walls), eat il pasticcio di maccheroni (and about 47 other nap-inducing dishes), and then ask for directions to Via delle Volte, a characteristic alleyway of the city. For more tips on where to meet people and speak Italian, check out this article from Viaggiare, uno stile di vita. Central Italy 1. Volterra At just over 10.5k residents, Volterra is the third smallest of the places to visit in Italy to practice your Italian. This borgo in Tuscany has Etruscan origins and yep, it was used as the setting for the second Twilight movie (which, to be accurate, was actually filmed in Montepulciano- a town that made the honorable mentions list down below). If you happen to find yourself in Volterra (whether you came hoping to live the magic of New Moon or not- seriously, no judgment), here are a few suggestions for making sure you open your mouth to speak- and eat, of course. First, to start the day off on a ultra positive note, chat about the devices used while browsing il Museo della Tortura, have some cinghiale alla volterrana for lunch, and then hang out in a local bar with the intention to start as many conversations as possible about calcio.    2. Montefalco You’ll find the tiny town (just over 5.6k in population) in Umbria- one of, I might add, my favorite regions in Italy full of green rolling hills and truffles†¦ but I digress. After visiting the main piazza, buy some pan mostato from a nearby panificio, do a tasting of the Sagrantino di Montefalco, and then check out one of the many pathways that hold the same name. Nearby you can also visit  Spello and Bevagna. 3. Viterbo While Viterbo- the city, not the province- does have some beautiful attractions, like Palazzo Papale and Le Terme, which are hot springs, the real beauty of this city in the Lazio region is in its ordinariness. While there is a university with plenty of international students and an exchange program for Americans, the majority of the people who live there don’t speak English. If you’re hanging out there for the day, go straight from the train station to Pizza DJ and grab a slice of the freshest pizza that you can get. Then, take a walk down the corso, stop in a bar and start a conversation with whoever looks friendly. Before settling down for dinner at either the pizzeria Il Labirinto or pasta at La Spaghetteria- famous for having over 300 types of saucespop in and out of the bookshops or grab a gelato from L’antica Latteria. For more suggestions on what to do in Viterbo, check out this article from Trekity. Southern Italy 1. Scilla This small town, or paese, in Reggio Calabria boasts a population of 5k. Besides having a mythologically-based namethe monster that was transformed by Circeit’s characterized primarily by small alleyways that, when followed, lead directly to the sea and houses next to the water that look perpetually sleepy. Besides eating ridiculously fresh seafood on the terrace of a restaurant, the best way to spend your time here is by visiting il borgo di Chianalea, learning some Calabrian dialect from the locals at the bar, or take a dive and learn all kinds of marine-related vocabulary. 2. Lecce Our final place to visit is Lecce, in Puglia, with a population of just over 94k. You can start your day on the more touristy side by having un caffà ¨ at Caffà ¨ Alvino, right in front of the Anfiteatro, or you can seek out a more local place to start your giornata leccese. Then, take a walk at one of the many beaches, get your fill of museums, and then try some sagne torte, or Sagne ‘ncannulate in dialecta pasta dish. For more suggestions, take a gander at this article from Vacanze Lecce. In the event you’re wanting to visit towns with a bit more activity and practice your Italian, here are five that are touristy, but may still play along with your attempts. 3 Other Italian Places to Practice Italian 1. Orvieto - Umbria: You can more about how you can learn Italian in this city in this article. 2. Montepulciano - Tuscany: If you’re interested in learning Italian here, check out Il Sasso school. 3. Monteverde Vecchio in Rome - Lazio: While Rome can generally be categorized a very English-driven tourist city, there are zones, or neighborhoods, that will humor you when you make your best efforts to speak Italian, and Monteverde Vecchio falls squarely in that department.

History of the European Union †Government (200 Level Course)

History of the European Union – Government (200 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers History of the European Union Government (200 Level Course) The European Union consists of 15 member states and from 2004 on there will be most probably 25-member states. But how were the beginnings and why was it founded. The EU had its beginnings in the economic sector but the integration of Europe was a main aim as well. Through the experience of two world wars it was clear that the European states had to develop a kind of connection between each other that was so intensive and interconnected that the conflicts of the future would be solved with peaceful measures. Six main motivations for the European Integration: 1. Peace keeping 2. Belonging to a special system of values 3. Increasing of the economic prosperity 4. More influence in foreign and security policy 5. More success in solving European wide problems 6. Strengthening of the national economy So in September 1946 Winston Churchill suggested in his well-known speech of Zà ¼rich an intergovernmental solution with a European court of justice. Also several new international institutions were founded to help regulate relationships between states on political and economic level for example the United Nations (Oct. 1945), international monetary fund (1945) and the General Agreement on Traffics and Trade (1948). In the Hague in May 1948 there were general agreements for closer relationships and a federal state of Europe or a closer union. Which lead to the building of the â€Å"Council of Europe† in May 1949 In 1950 a new treaty was founded, the so called â€Å"Shuman Plan† which was created to control the production of coal and steel in Western Germany and France, but in the end it was signed by six countries and so as additional partners were also included Italy, Belgium, Luxemburg and Holland. The treaty came in to effect in 1951 and is known as the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC/Europische Gemeinschaft fà ¼rKohle und Stahl). With this step a common market was established which was completely new, because the states who signed the treaty were surrendering a substantial proportion of their national sovereignty to the new created supranational institution. In 1955 the Benelux states made a proposal at the conference of Messina, which was lead by the Belgium foreign minister Paul Henri Spaak, to work together and combine on the nuclear energy sector also there were proposals for customs union (Zollunion). So they created a commission, which worked the details for the customs union and an Organisation for the development and using of nuclear energy out. Based on this it came to the treaty of Rom in 1957, it included the European Economic Community (EEC/Europische Wirtschafts Gemeinschaft) and a European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC/Euratom). Both treaties came in to force from the 1st of January in 1958. The EEC was a huge success and exceeded all expectations (à ¼bertraf alle Erwartungen), it made the EEC one of the most important Trade partners in the world, it lead to an growth of the GDP in Union states of 21,5% in the years of 1958-1962 also the industrial production grew about 37% in the same time. In the 1960s the integration process slowed down, because of the nuclear balance between USA and USSR the conflict lost its integrative effect, and national interests were more important and lead to doubts about the nessecarity of more integration steps. For example there were trials to change the decision-making process in the council of ministers from unanimous to the majority principle in 1966, but the French government was against it. Also in 1965 there were suggestions for a new financial system in agriculture but France has blocked it with so called â€Å"empty chair policy† (what means they withdrew all there Ministers from the council for over half a year). So it ended in the way that the principle of unanimous decision-making continued de facto. The stagnation ended with the early 70s in 1972 new members joined the EEC: Great Britain, Ireland and Denmark only Norway’s people said no to the integration through a referendum. Afterwards in the end of the 70s negotiations about the integration of Greece, Spain and Portugal started, not only for economic reasons, moreover to stabilise the democracy in these countries. In January 1981 Greece joined the EU followed by Spain and Portugal in January 1986. The next step was to create the â€Å"Single European Act (SEA/Einheitliche Europische Akte)† to give the European states an economic impulse to stop the European economy from falling behind the USA and Japan. So the main aim of the SEA was the internal market program (Binnenmarkt) with its four freedoms that were free traffic and exchange of 1. Goods 2. Persons 3. Service 4. Money Also the policy of the integration was stretched, new was development- and technological policy, the ecological policy and economic and currency as well as work protection and social policy. For further integration and an increased deepening, two intergovernmental conferences led to a monetary and political union in 1992 in the treaty of Maastricht which came to effect in end of 1993. The next treaty was in Amsterdam in 1997, which concerned the asylum in the EU the outbordercontrols etc. Finally I want to mention the treaty of Nice that aimed the foreign and security policy in the union and a list of basic and human rights in the EU. Research Papers on History of the European Union - Government (200 Level Course)Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Definition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfBringing Democracy to Africa

Product developer in a major fashion company Essay

Product developer in a major fashion company - Essay Example According to the discipline of fashion product development, it is possible to come up with fashionable products for both retailers and manufacturers. This entails developing, planning and presenting the product to the targeted market. In this case, I would like to create a small line of colored denim for a leading fashion company. The denims will be in black, white and red. Jeans come in different fits including skinny, tapered, straight, boot cut and flare (Sullivan 29). Therefore, the line will only include skinny and tapered jeans in the different colors. Tapered jeans are slightly similar to the skinny jeans. However, the tapered jeans are not tight at the top as compared to the skinny jeans. These jeans are usually loose-fitted at the top and taut at the base (Sullivan 23). The tapered jeans are the best since; no one needs much ankle freedom. On the other hand, the skinny jeans, which are also called slim-fit pants, have a comfy fit depending on the size of the individual. In some cases, the skinny jeans usually have zippers to enable the individual to pull them over the feet. This jeans line will use the dry denim material in all colors. The dry denim is different from the washed denim material since, the dry denim is not washed after the dyeing procedure during its production. However, with time this material fades slowly. The dry denim presents a natural and unique look as compared to the distressed denim (Finlayson 24). The choice of buttons is also essential in the production of the denim line. The jeans button which comprise of the jeans button tack and the jeans button will be made from brass. This brass buttons will be manufactured for the three color denims. The jeans buttons will be supplied by YKK manufacturers. This line will also include copper rivets that will be used to reinforce the pockets of the jeans. Just like the jeans buttons, the copper rivets will also be produced for all the three color denims. Research asserts that rivets are

Korea Federation of Small & Medium Business Essay

Korea Federation of Small & Medium Business - Essay Example The federation continued to grow and in 1994, the Workface Service Corps for following workers was established. In 1997, small and medium business training centre was established. There was marked growth on the federation in the 1990s which continued in the 2000s. In 2004, the federation establish outlet in Daegu and in 2004, it opened an agency office in Wonju, Gangwon-do which brought to seven the number of agency offices national wide. In 2006, the federation changed its name to Korea federation of small and medium business (Kbiz). This is an outline of a brief history of how the federation has evolved since the 1960s to play it's currently role in the economy and in the business world. During its establishment the federation had set vision which was defined by a set of objectives. Kbiz had the vision of becoming a reliable partner of small and medium enterprises in order to realize dreams and goals in their operation. Therefore it was aimed at standing at the centre of the creation of new opportunity and future value offering the necessary support to the SMEs to help them continue with their innovation, and take them through their challenges. In order to achieve this it had a hope model that outlined what the federal is aim at achieving. As revised during changing of its name, the federation was aimed at offering high service to the clients as give valuable services that will help SMes save time and money, development of a open network of fibers value creation network to be achieved through management which upholds the spirit of entrepreneurial spirit and efforts of the SMEs, and offering excellent effort to the SMEs by linking and connecting different people and different businesses. Activities The federation has been involved in a number of activities which are all aimed at helping the working of the SMEs. The federation is involved in SMEs policy development and research. In this regard, the federation host discussions with experts in order to identify problems that are faced by SMEs and therefore come up with recommended policies that can be adopted by the government and other related authorities and also helping the SMEs to pursue other means of achieving these recommendations. The federation carries out researches and provides all statistics and information as regards the operations of SMEs in the country. The federation also has been able to establish and operate innovative SMEs regulation centre which ensure that there is a favorable environment for formation of companies. In this regard it has been able to identify incentives and other areas of alleviation that are necessary for the operation and formation of these businesses. (Kbiz, 2008) The federation has also been active in organizing and development of the SMEs by supporting a collective initiative. Kbiz has been proving support to help the SMEs to corporate and purse growth together. This has helped tem to advance and increase their financial viability which makes them an attractive investment destination for many investors. Kbiz also support necessary collective activity which is based on the spirit of mutual assistance aimed at enabling such activities like the development of technology, collective brand development, and several other activities which many businesses cannot conduct alone. The federation al

Business Legal Environmen(230) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Legal Environmen(230) - Essay Example It also develops certainty in the rule of law because the precedents determine outcomes of cases. The doctrine also promotes flexibility in the rule of law by allowing judges to avoid existing precedents and establish new ones. It however also faces disadvantages such as uncertainty because of the wide scope of precedents and judges ability to deviate from a precedent. It also makes the judicial process rigid and it lacks the primary backing of the constitution (Meiners, Ringleb and Edwards, 10). One of the differences between criminal law and civil law is that civil law relates to private rights of members of the society and regulates relationships between private persons, whether natural or artificial, while criminal law relates to public rights against the state and therefore regulates the relationship between the state and citizens. Penalties to offences also define a difference between criminal and civil law. Criminal law induces imprisonment and fine penalties while civil law induces equitable remedies for losses suffered by parties due to civil wrongs (Meiners, Ringleb and Edwards, 108). The Marbury v. Madison involved a conflict in the rule of law that established a dilemma in the applicable law. The primary case involved a suit by Marbury and others who required the Supreme Court to order the secretary of state to deliver their appointment letters. The constitution however failed to stipulate such role for the high court though â€Å"The Judiciary Act of 1789† established the power to issue writ of mandamus. The Supreme Court ruled that the judiciary has the power to determine applicable law in case of such conflicts and this identifies the power of judicial review. The landmark case was important in offering checks on the congress’ legislative power by determining validity of legislated laws (Miller and Jentz, 66). Standing to sue defines the state of having a legal interest in a case before initiating litigation. It provides that a plaintiff

Analysis Of Story Of An Hour English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Story Of An Hour English Literature Essay Kate Chopin (1851-1904) did a story that gets into the readers mind and moods. Freedom is a pleasure that is extremely forbidden, and none should think about it in public. Despite its shortness, the storys every word has a truest sense of meaning and plays a role in making it complete. The protagonist in this story is Mrs. Mallard or Louise who has a problem with her heart. Her husband, Brently Mallard, passes on, and the news have to be delivered to her in one of the gentle most manners due to her fragile heart (Berkove 152). Louises sister, Josephine and Richards, a friend of Brently, delivers the news. Both Richard and Josephine are unsure of how to break the news to Louise considering her fragile heart. Louise breaks down in grief upon hearing the news and retreats into her bedroom to think of her newfound freedom in privacy. She prays for a long life so that she can savor the fruits of being free only to be called by her Josephine. After getting out, Brently Mallard opens the do or and gets in; Louise screams upon seeing her husband and passes on due to the enormous joy of getting and loosing freedom (Jamil 220). This essay illustrates the causes the alienation that the Louise feels during her married life. Louise feels alienated in her marriage. Her main source of alienation is culture-driven whereby women give in to the decision of man. In many marriages, the man is considered the head of the household. Their decision and action is usually final; thus, the woman feels like the second party that is very dependent on man. This makes a woman feel like she is chained to the other party or the husband by religious vows or society. The other source of alienation is religion especially Christianity. Most religions often put the man at the head. If something good comes from a family, the man is appraised but, if it is bad, the woman is reprimanded. Religion somehow represses the freedom of a woman. A man can get out and engage in illicit behavior while the wife is at home; being faithful and waiting. If she discovers, the woman is told to forgive but, if it is the woman who engaged in illicit behavior, the man could threaten death, divorce or anything. This uneven ground is the source of estr angement for most women like Louise who are in marriage or trying to respect and uphold the institution of marriage. In this story, the perception of status greatly affects the behavior of Louise. Although she is estranged in her marriage, she cannot express herself in public. She has to pretend to be grief-stricken and has to retreat into privacy to think about her newfound freedom. Status is a thing that is created and imposed by society against the will of man. Louise stays in her marriage because she fears how society will look at her. She cannot walk out on her marriage to be free because she innately considers society. She cannot say exclaim with joy upon receiving the news of her husbands death because this will be contrary to societys expectations. Josephine and Richard also try to do what society expects of them; delivering the news in the softest manner possible (Berkove 153). As Brently walks in, Richard tries to shield Louise from seeing her husband in order to protect her fragile heart fro getting a heart attack. All these characters try tot live by the status that has been set by soci ety and not by their own jurisdictions. In this story, Louise plays the role of loss of freedom in marriage. Josephine and Richard play the role of society in the story. They deliver news and somehow check if Louise has received the information and reacted in accordance to how society states. The presence of Richard and Josephine is a representation of society, and they force Louise to retreat into her bedroom to think about her newfound freedom. This implies that, to act against the expectation of society is a thing that can only be done in private. The metaphor à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦delicious breath of rain in the air, peddler crying his wares, clouds piled one above the otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ refer to the taste of independence that comes with the death of a spouse (Jamil 217). This is very common in the popular culture since according to the wedding vows it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦till death does us part. This implies that Louise is free! Relationship problems in Louises marriage make her wish for the taste of freedom. It is obvious that, in marriage, there has to be compromise, and the looser is always the wife. Loss of freedom in marriage is what makes everything to go wrong. However, society and family are ever on pronging into the marriage to see that the people stay married. This is what makes many people estranged because almost everyone wants the marriage to work contrary to personal wish. Louise somehow celebrates the death of her husband. Most people especially family could label this as opting for the wrong path. Death is not something that people wish for and enjoying the freedom that comes with the death of a spouse is seen as very wrong in society. The enjoyment reflects relationship problems that were in the marriage before one spouse died. Josephine and Richard act as representations of society. They try to protect Louise from reality that her husband is alive which is wrong. I sympathize with Louise because of the path she has chosen. Although she celebrates her loss, she should know that life without companionship is empty and hard. At times, ever person needs comfort, which is a tonic in the ever stressing life. Society and its representatives like religion and the institution of marriage is faulted in this story. Religion plays the role of keeper, and shapes values and norms. With the help of close family and friends, marriages are coerced to stay even when they are failing as people bid their time and wait for the death of their partner. In this story, the irony is that the gain and loss of freedom cause too much joy until the protagonist, Louise dies. There is a conflict in what Richard and Josephine believe in. In real life, they think that Louise will be so saddened by the news; and she may have a heart attack (Jamil 215). They fantasize the way she will weep, get into trauma at upon receiving the news. On the contrary, Louise finds happiness in the news. It is unreal that a woman will rejoice at the death of her husband and prays for a long life to enjoy her freedom. This fantasy does not happen in reality. If a spouse loose husband or wife, they are sad and life is never the same. It is also unreal that a man confirmed dead by two messages could be alive. This could be true but it has the least probability of occurring in real life. It is also unreal that the joy Louise has of seeing her husband is what causes her heart attack. Perhaps the sorrow (of being bound forever) sends her to the grave (Jamil 220). Nature and society makes women or girls to be victims. Their fate is usually dictated by society and nature. Everything in society seems to reinforce the weakness of women. They are bound to relationships, marriages that are strenuous just for the society to be satisfied. They have to go by what society wants or else they are ostracized. Education tries to free women but, men and society will always put them back in their place where they have to give in to societal demands. This is represented by the fact that Louise thinks freely in privacy. She has to mourn upon receiving the news of her husbands death. In addition, she knows that she will have to cry upon seeing her husbands body so that society can sympathize with her loss. This story does not effectively show the way men become victims of society. However, when they fail to provide their women with a good life (flashy car, beautiful home, bright and healthy children, advance their career). Whenever they fail to go into these expectations, they are labeled as failures by society. Men who are divorced are labeled as failures. Both men and women fear failed marriages and people like Mallard try to enforce their will to make everything in marriage to work. In so doing, the will of the woman is completely lost making her feel lost. The moral issues that arise in this story are; rejoicing in loss, freedom in death and the evilness of marriage. Louise rejoices the loss of her husband. Divorced people are not welcome in society, and through the death of a spouse, people accept you. This shows the wrongness of society. It does not want anyone to be free from its standards. It is evil to rejoice in the death of a person but in this case, Louise celebrates her newfound freedom thus indirectly rejoicing in the death of her husband.

Mahathir’s Foreign Policy

The Foreign Policy of Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad during his premiership During eighties of last century, Malaysia was not widely known by the world. Only a few of politicians might hear about Malaysia not as an economic power, but as an agricultural country which is the main supplier of crude palm oil. This situation changed when Tun Dr. Mahathir became the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia who has changed how the world judges and treats Malaysia. Besides of Tun Dr. Mahathir’s enormous contribution on economic sector, in foreign affairs also Tun Dr. Mahathir was also a giant of the times during his premiership.During his 22 years of premiership, he successfully transform Malaysia become one of the Tiger Cub Economies after Four Asian Tigers. As one of the important spokesman in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), he aggressively promotes overall construction of ASEAN countries. This is a significant step to ensure the benefits of small countries are being protected b y forming a unified action guideline when having disputes with great power. In order to against with European Union and Organization of American States, there is a need for Asia countries to form regional alliances to protect loose countries’ benefits.This is what exactly the purpose of founding ASEAN. In spite of Tun Dr. Mahathir was not welcomed by western country during his premiership, yet his â€Å"Look East Policy† has inspired many Asia countries to learn from Japan and South Korea, not only blindly followed what western countries have done. This is highly related with Asian values, where it has catalyzed the progress of Look East Policy. In fact, Tun Dr. Mahathir did not neglect the influences of western country especially United States of America. He believe that USA is the main reason to ensure peaceful of Southeast Asia region, the deployment of the U.S. fleet in the Pacific is necessary yet at the same time he insist that no massive troops should be deploym ent at ASEAN. This is actually how Tun Dr. Mahathir weighs the influences of USA to benefit Malaysia and other ASEAN countries. Early in this century, as a sensible leader in Islamic world Tun Dr. Mahathir encourages the unity of Islamic world towards greater prosperity. He has been anti-state terrorism and anti-war all along his premiership and after Incident 911, he has suggested USA to set up a counterterrorism center in Malaysia.In issues of Israel and Jews, Tun Dr. Mahathir was a staunch supporter of Palestinian cause and he also named Israel as â€Å"the enemy allied with most powerful nations†. He condemns Israel who killed thousands of Muslims while some Jews are supporters to those killers. As a summary, the overall foreign policy under Tun Dr. Mahathir premiership is basically regional approach where most of his foreign policy is targeting prosperity of entire Southeast Asia. In spite many condemns from many people, yet Tun Dr. Mahathir still an excellence diplomat in heart of Malaysians.

Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression

Lab Name: Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression Researcher: Isabella Cuenco Lab Start Date: November 9, 2012 Lab Completion Date: November 9, 2012 Table of Contents SECTION NAME I. Introduction II. Procedure III. Data IV. Analysis V. Conclusion PAGE NUMBER ? I. INTRODUCTION Purpose: The purpose of the lab is to find the molar mass of an unknown substance by measuring the freezing point depression of a solution of the unknown substance and BHT. Hypothesis: If the freezing point depression of a solution of an unknown substance and BHT is measured, the molar mass of an unknown substance can be found.Pre-Lab Questions: 1. a. Determine the freezing point depression 53. 02 – 50. 78 = 2. 24 Â °C b. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown substance 7. 1 Â °C/m X 2. 04 g (solute) X 24. 8 g (solvent) X 2. 24 Â °C = 260. 0 g molar mass = 260. g 2. What are colligative properties? Colligative properties are properties of a solution that change when the condition of the solution chang es. II. PROCEDURE Part B 1. Set up a Bunsen Burner, ring stand and clamp, as shown in picture below. 2. Fill a beaker with 100 mL of water 3.Place beaker on ring stand, and light burner to test that blue of flame is hitting the bottom of the beaker; once it is, turn burner off. 4. Using a mortar and pestle, crush 0. 5 g of BHT. 5. Pack the BHT into a small capillary tube. 6. Using a rubber band, fasten the capillary tube to a thermometer, ensuring the bottom of the tube lines up with the thermometer bottom. 7. Clamp the thermometer/tube, ensuring the thermometer and tube are in the water. 8. Begin to heat the water and observe the tube. 9. Once the BHT has melted (turned from white powder to clear), turn off the heat, and record the temperature at which the BHT melted. 0. Once cool, dispose of the BHT and tube. 11. Using a mortar and pestle, crush 0. 1 g of cetyl alcohol. 12. Using a mortar and pestle, crush 0. 5 g of BHT. 13. Pack the BHT and cetyl alcohol into a small capillary tu be.14. Repeat steps 6-10 for the BHT and cetyl alcohol. III: RESULTS (DATA & OBSERVATIONS): Part A (Sample Data given): Trial #1Trial #2 Mass of empty test tube #1, g18. 235 g Mass of test tube #1 + BHT, g26. 292 g Mass of BHT, g8. 057 g Mass of weighing paper, g0. 221 g Mass of weighing paper + cetyl alcohol, g1. 236 g Mass of cetyl alcohol, g1. 15 g Mass of empty test tube #2, g18. 689 g Mass of test tube #2 + BHT, g26. 679 g Mass of BHT, g7. 990 g Mass of unknown, g1. 656 g Temperature in ? C: Time, in secondsPure BHTBHT + cetyl alcoholBHT + unknown 085. 085. 576. 8 2080. 084. 974. 7 4075. 881. 674. 5 6072. 078. 672. 2 8069. 076. 369. 8 10068. 873. 567. 8 12069. 072. 065. 9 14068. 869. 764. 3 16068. 667. 462. 9 18068. 465. 561. 6 20068. 264. 260. 4 22063. 661. 1 24063. 861. 5 26063. 761. 6 30063. 561. 2 36060. 5 420 480 Part B: Melting Points: Pure BHT71. 9 ? C BHT + cetyl alcohol68. 5 ? C Masses:BHTCetyl Alcohol Solution #1 – BHT + Cetyl Alcohol, g0. 5 g0. 1 g IV. ANALYSI S: Post- Lab Calculations Determine ? Tfp for the solution cetyl alcohol and of the unknown substance in BHT. Calculate the molality of the cetyl alcohol solution and use it to determine the value of the freezing point depression constant, kfp, for BHT. Use the calculated value of kfp, along with the masses of the unknown solute and BHT, to find the molar mass of the unknown solute. molality of cetyl alcohol solution = 0. 5 m kfp of BHT = 4. 0 ? C/m molar mass of unknown solute = 240 g/molPost-Lab Questions 1. The following errors occurred when the above experiment was carried out. How would each affect the calculated molar mass of the solute (too high, too low, no effect)? Explain your answers. a. The thermometer used actually read 1. 4 ? C too high. b. Some of the solvent was spilled before the solute was added. c. Some of the solute was spilled after it was weighed and before it was added to the solvent. d. Some of the solution was spilled after the solute and solvent were mied b ut before the freezing point was determined. 2.What was the least precise measurement in the experiment? How does this limit your significant digits? 3. Did the solutions show any evidence of supercooling? 4. Why is it advantageous to choose a solvent that has a large value for Kfp? 5. Explain why the pure solvent shows a level horizontal curve as solidification occurs, but the curve for the solution slopes downward slightly. V. CONCLUSION When the freezing point depression of a solution of an unknown substance and BHT is measured, the molar mass of an unknown substance is found. The hypothesis

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More than Mans Best Friend How Service Dogs Can Help People with Psychiatric Disabilities Professor Ramos Blog

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Compare and contrast rationalism and empiricism Essay

Compare and contrast rationalism and empiricism - Essay Example He said that when look at a knife they think of pain. This is the quality of the knife, but the painful thought is the idea in their minds (Cuddy 1). Locke describes the difference between primary and secondary qualities in terms of the different ideas that they produce in the people’s minds. According to Locke, primary qualities of objects create ideas in people’s minds that resemble the matching qualities in the objects that caused people to have those ideas. The secondary qualities of objects create ideas in people’s minds that do not resemble the matching qualities in the objects that created those ideas in people’s minds. According to Locke, color, being red, is a secondary quality, as shape, being square is a primary quality (Cuddy 1). Locke’s concept on what a substance was not clearly understood. There were, however, two key views regarding what Locke meant. These views were that a substance referred to that what supported quality in an object. This is because Locke’s concept of a substance mainly consisted of bare particulars that lacked properties. The other thought of a substance, according to critics, is that a substance refers to a solid stuff that makes a material. The two philosophers believed that people perceive what they perceive. Their eyes do not lie since they cannot lie. They both agreed upon that it is the power the eyes to distinguish what their have seen for what it stands to be. They both used the example of Copernicus and Galileo to explain their theory. They said that it took Galileo and Copernicus to convince people that the world spins. That is a thought that people did not perceive. Sensible things, according to Berkeley, are things that are perceived by sense. He, however, states that the things that are perceived by senses are ideas. Hence, according to Berkeley, a sense is an idea. He connects the two by saying that mountains, houses, rivers among other objects are

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case analysis - Essay Example In St Amos Hospital, culture and ethics were closely related with the provision of extensive initiatives to employees. It is for this reason that absenteeism has never been a problem for the company despite the difficulties and the tension that characterize the specific sector. However, the problem of the missing linen proved to be the beginning for the decrease of the firm’s performance due to the measures introduced for its investigation. More specifically, because of the increase of shortages in linen, the hospital administrator, Paul Seay sent two memos to the night nursing director Jean McDuff. The first of these memos was rather general proposing just a few changes to the existed work framework (proposals included the observation of handling of linen and the report of any irregularity). However, the second memo was too difficult to be followed and as a result many of the employees working in the night shift were either resigned or asked to be removed to the morning shift . On the other hand, absenteeism that had never been a problem became frequent. In general, the performance of the hospital was radically decreased for the period followed the application of the second memo. It could be stated that the strategies proposed by the firm’s manager, specifically the hospital administrator, where not appropriate in accordance with the extension and the nature of the particular problem. This assumption can be supported by the fact that the application of the measures suggested by Paul Seay led gradually to the decrease of the employees’ performance specifically regarding the night shift in the above hospital. For this reason, the turbulences occurred in the organizational culture and the ethics applied throughout the specific organization could be regarded as a normal consequence of the measures proposed in order to face the problem of the shortage of linen. The firm’s